Short Barrel Rifle (SBR)

The National Firearms Act defines a Short Barrel Rifle (SBR) to include any rifle having a barrel or barrels of less than 16 inches in length OR a weapon made from a rifle if such weapon as modified has an overall length of less than 26 inches or a barrel or barrels of less than 16 inches in length.

To legally purchase, make, or possess a Short Barrel Rifle (SBR) you must:

• Be 21+ years of age to purchase a SBR from a dealer.
• Be 18+ years of age to purchase a SBR from an individual on a Form 4 to Form 4 transfer (contingent on state laws).
• Be 18+ years of age to make and register a SBR on a Form 1 (contingent on state laws).
• Be 18+ years of age to possess a SBR as a beneficiary of a trust or as a member of a corporation (contingent on state laws).
• Be a resident of the United States.
• Be legally eligible to purchase a firearm.
• Pass a BATFE background check.
• Pay a one-time $200 tax to register or transfer the item.
• Reside in a state that currently allows ownership of SBR’s.

In addition to meeting the legal Short Barrel Rifle (SBR) ownership criteria above (always following your specific state laws), you must submit the following information to the ATF and your local CLEO (Chief Law Enforcement Officer), varying slightly depending upon your method of purchase.

Note that when buying an existing SBR on a Form 4 transfer, you typically first purchase (pay for) the item from the seller, but not physically take ownership immediately. The seller must hold the item while you complete the NFA application process and wait to receive your application approval and tax stamp. After you receive official approval and your tax stamp, you can then legally pick up and take ownership of the item.

If you are planning to build a Short Barrel Rifle (SBR) using an existing firearm receiver on a Form 1, make certain to observe the following special considerations to help keep yourself out of trouble and properly follow NFA laws. Ideally, to ensure 100% that you are following legal requirements, do not purchase any short barrel parts, stocks, etc. until after you receive approval and your tax stamp.

• Determine what firearm receiver you will be starting with (whether an existing rifle or even a pistol), and the proposed length of the SBR you plan to build.
• Get your Form 1 filled out and all information submitted as soon as possible due to the extended waiting period.
• Do NOT collect or create any components that could be reasonably constructed into a functional SBR before receiving your officially approved application form. This includes purchasing any installable short barrel (or modifying an existing barrel) for a rifle, or any stock that could be installed onto a pistol, etc.